标准贵宾犬的外貌特征是什么？

注：此标准适用于标准贵宾、中型贵宾、迷你贵宾、玩具贵宾，该标准中文版已发布于CKU新官网-犬种百科

FCI-国际纯种犬标准第 172 号

POODLE（Caniche）

贵宾犬

▲ 示例图，并不一定代表该犬种的理想类型

ORIGIN: France

起源国：法国

UTILIZATION: Companion dog

用途：伴侣犬

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

Group 9 Companion and Toy dogs.

Section 2 Poodle.

Without working trial.

FCI分组：

第9组 伴侣犬和玩具犬组

第2类 贵宾犬

无需工作测试。

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:

Etymologically, the French word “caniche” (Poodle) comes from “cane”, the French word for a female duck. In other countries, the name of the breed is associated with splashing around in water. Originally, this dog was used for wildfowling. It descends from the Barbet of which it has conserved many characteristics. In 1743, it was called the “caniche”: the female of the barbet in French. Thereafter the Barbet and the Caniche (Poodle) were gradually separated. Breeders worked hard to obtain original subjects of uniform colour. The Poodle became very popular as a companion dog because of its friendly, joyful and loyal character and also because of its four sizes and different colours

which everyone can choose according to preference.

历史梗概：

根据词源， 法语单词“caniche”（poodle）来自于“cane”, 这个法语单词意思为母鸭。 在其他国家， 这一犬种与在水中嬉戏有关。 起初， 这种犬是用来猎禽的。它起源于巴贝犬， 贵宾犬保留了它的很多特征。 在1743年， 它被称“caniche”：法语的母巴贝犬。 此后巴贝犬与Caniche（贵宾犬）渐渐地被分开了。 繁殖人致力于获得原有犬只的统一颜色的巴贝犬。 贵宾犬成为了非常受欢迎的伴侣犬。因为这种犬的友好的，使人感到喜悦的以及忠诚的性格也因为它的四种尺寸和不同的颜色，使每个人都能根据偏好来进行选择。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:

Dog of medium proportions, with a characteristic frizzy coat which is either curly or corded. The appearance is that of an intelligent dog, constantly alert and active, harmoniously built, giving an impression of elegance and pride.

整体外貌：

中等比例的犬只， 典型的卷曲的被毛，或是长卷毛的或是绒状的。外表聪明的犬只， 保持警惕并且活泼， 身体比例匀称， 给人以优雅骄傲的印象。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:

The length of the muzzle is approximately 9/10 of that of the skull.

The length of the body (scapulo-ischial) is slightly more than the height at the withers.

The height at the withers is practically equal to the height at the croup.

The height at the elbow is 5/9 of the height at the withers.

重要比例：

口吻的长度大约为头盖骨的9/10.

身体的长度（肩到坐骨）比肩高略长。

肩高实际等于臀部的高度。

肘部的高度是肩高的5/9。

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT:

A dog renowned for its loyalty, capable of learning and being trained thus making it a particularly pleasant companion dog.

行为/秉性：

以忠诚著称，乐于学习和接受训练，是一种特别讨人喜欢的伴侣犬。

HEAD: Distinguished, rectilinear and in proportion to the body. The head must be well chiselled and neither heavy nor excessively fine.

头部：

高贵的， 直线的并与身体成比例。 头部必须轮廓清楚既不厚重亦不过度精致。

CRANIAL REGION

颅部区域

Skull: Its width is less than half the length of the head. The entire skull, seen from above, appears oval and seen from the side, slightly convex. The axes of the skull and muzzle are slightly divergent. The superciliary arches are moderately pronounced and covered with

long hair. The frontal furrow is wide between the eyes, narrowing towards the occiput, which is very pronounced. (In Miniatures it can be slightly less pronounced).

头骨：中等大小，与身体成协调比例；头顶部略圆，自最宽处向眼部渐细。

Stop: Only slightly pronounced, but can never be absent.

额段：只是轻微突出， 但是不可以没有。

FACIAL REGION

面部区域

Nose: Developed, vertical profile; open nostrils. Black nose in black, white and grey subjects; brown nose in brown subjects. In fawn (apricot/red) subjects, the nose should be black or brown according to the intensity of the fawn colour. In light fawn subjects the nose should be as dark as possible.

鼻：发达，垂直剖面；鼻孔张开。 黑色， 白色和灰色犬只鼻子为黑色； 棕色犬只鼻子为棕色。 对于褐色（杏色/红色）犬只，鼻子应为黑色或棕色依据褐色的程度。 对于浅褐色犬只， 鼻子应当尽可能为深色。

Muzzle: Upper profile is perfectly straight; its length is approximately 9/10 of that of the skull. The branches of the lower jaw are almost parallel. The muzzle is strong. The lower profile of the muzzle is determined by the lower jaw and not by the edge of the upper lip.

口吻：上部轮廓成完美直线型；口吻的长度大约是头盖骨长度的9/10。下颌的两侧几乎平行。口吻强壮。下颌而非上唇的边缘勾勒出口吻的下部轮廓。

Lips: Moderately developed, rather tight, of medium thickness with the upper lip resting on the lower lip without hanging over it. Black in black, white and grey subjects; brown in brown subjects. In orange fawn [apricot] and in red fawn subjects, the lips are more or less dark brown or black. The corner of the lips must not be pronounced.

嘴唇：适度发育，紧致，中等厚度，上唇完全位于下唇上，不盖住下唇。黑色、白色和灰色贵宾犬的唇为黑色；棕色犬只的唇为棕色。橙褐色（杏色）犬只和红褐色犬只的唇可为或多或少的深棕色或黑色。嘴角不明显。

Jaws/Teeth: Complete scissor bite. Strong teeth.

颌/牙齿：完整的剪状咬合。牙齿坚固。

Cheeks:Not prominent, shaped on the bones. The sub-orbital regions are chiseled and very slightly filled. Zygomatic arches very slightly pronounced.

颊：不显著。由脸颊骨勾勒出形状。下眼眶轮廓分明，很轻微地内陷。颧骨略微拱起。

Eyes: Keen expression, placed at the level of the stop and slightly oblique. Almond shaped. Black or dark brown color. In brown subjects, the color may be dark amber. The eye rims are black in black, white and grey subjects. Brown in brown subjects. In light fawn subjects the eye rims should be as dark as possible.

眼睛：目光敏锐，与额段在同一水平线上，稍稍倾斜。眼睛杏仁型。黑色或深棕色。棕色贵宾犬的眼睛也可为深琥珀色。黑色，白色以及灰色的犬只眼眶为黑色。 棕色犬只眼睛为棕色。 浅褐色犬只眼眶应尽可能为深色。

Ears: Rather long, falling along the cheeks, set on in the prolongation of a line going from the top of the nose and passing under the outer corner of the eye; flat, widening after the attachment and rounded at the tip, they are covered with very long, wavy hair. The leather should reach – or ideally pass – the corner of the lips when pulled forward.

耳朵：很长，沿脸颊两边下垂，位于从鼻子上端开始经过外眼角下方的直线的延长线上。耳朵扁平，从根部处逐渐变宽，耳尖圆，覆有很长的卷毛。耳朵的皮肤在向前拉伸时应达到-或理想情况是经过-嘴角。

NECK: Strong, slightly arched after the nape, of medium length and well proportioned. The head is carried high and proudly. The neck, without dewlap, is of oval cross section. Its length is slightly less than that of the head.

颈部：结实，颈背之后略微拱起，中等长度，比例协调。骄傲地昂着的头部。颈部无垂肉，颈部相交处椭圆；颈部长度小于头部的长度。

BODY:

躯干：

Well proportioned. It is slightly longer than the height at the withers.

比例良好。身长通常长于肩高。

Topline: harmonious and taut.

背线：协调紧实。

Withers: Moderately developed. The height at the withers is practically equal to the height from the top of the croup to the ground.

肩：发育适当。肩高实际等于从臀部顶到地面的长度。

Back: Short.

背：短。

Loin: Firm and muscled.

腰: 结实并肌肉发达。

Croup: Rounded but not falling away.

臀：圆润但是不倾斜。

Chest: Reaching the elbow; its width is equal to 2/3 of its depth. Forechest, the point of the sternum should be slightly prominent and set rather high. In Standard Poodles, the perimeter of the thorax, measured behind the shoulders, should measure 10 cm more than the height at the withers. Oval cross section, broad at the dorsal part.

胸：到达肘部，宽度等于胸深的2/3。前胸， 胸骨的点应当略突起并且位置很高。对于标准贵宾犬，胸部的参数从肩部后面测量， 应当比肩高长10厘米。 椭圆形交叉的部分， 背部宽阔。

Underline and belly: Tucked up but not excessively so.

下腹：上收但不过度。

TAIL: Set on quite high at the level of the loin (ideally carried at a “ten past nine” compared to the topline).

尾：位于腰部水平位置相当的高处（理想情况是与顶线相比位于“十分之九”）。

LIMBS

FOREQUARTERS

四肢

前躯

FOREQUARTERS : Perfectly upright and parallel, well muscled with good bone. The height from the elbow to the ground is slightly more than half the height at the withers.

前躯：前腿非常直，相互平行，肌肉发达，骨骼良好。肘到地面的高度是肩高的一半稍多。

Shoulder : Oblique, muscular. The shoulder blade forms an angle of approximately 110° to the humerus.

肩：倾斜，肌肉发达。两肩胛骨与肱骨分别形成大约110度的角度。

Upper arm: The length of the humerus corresponds to that of the shoulder blade.

上臂：肱骨的长度与肩胛相契合。

Carpus (Wrist): In continuous line with front of the forearm.

腕骨（腕关节）：与前臂前端一致。

Metacarpus (Pastern): Strong and almost upright seen in profile.

掌骨（骹骨）：强壮并且从侧面看几乎是垂直的。

Forefeet: Rather small, firm, of short oval shape. Toes are well arched and tight fitting. The pads are hard and thick. The nails are black in black and grey subjects. They are brown in brown subjects. In whites the nails may be any colour in the range from horn colour to black. In the fawns they are brown or black; according to coat colour, as dark as possible.

前足：很小，结实，短椭圆形。 脚趾拱形并紧凑。脚垫坚硬并且厚实。 黑色犬和灰色犬只脚趾甲为黑色。 棕色犬只趾甲为棕色。 白色犬只的趾甲可以为角质的颜色到黑色。在褐色犬只中趾甲为棕色或黑色；根据被毛颜色，越深越好。

LIMBS

HINDQUARTERS

四肢

后躯

HINDQUARTERS ：Hind legs parallel seen from behind; muscles developed and very apparent.

后躯：从后侧看后肢是平行的； 肌肉发达并且明显。

Thigh: Well muscled and strong. Coxo-femoral angle should be pronounced.

大腿：肌肉发达强壮。髋股的角度应当是明显的。

Stifle (Knee): Femoro-tibial angles should be pronounced.

后膝关节：大腿和小腿的角度应当是明显的。

Hock joint: The hock joint is relatively well angulated. (tibio-tarsal joint should be well angulated).

跗关节：跗关节是相对角度良好的。 （胫跗骨关节应当角度良好）。

Metatarsus (Rear pastern): Rather short and upright. The Poodle should be born without dewclaws on the hind legs.

跖骨（后腿掌骨）：很短并且垂直。贵宾犬后腿应当天生没有狼爪。

Hind feet: Rather small, firm, of short oval shape. Toes are well arched and tight fitting. The pads are hard and thick. The nails are black in black and grey subjects. They are brown in brown subjects. In whites the nails may be any colour in the range from horn colour to black. In the fawns they are brown or black.

后足：很小， 结实， 短椭圆形。 脚趾良好并紧凑。脚垫坚硬并且厚实。 黑色和灰色的犬只的脚趾为黑色。 棕色的犬只的脚趾为棕色。 白色的犬只的脚趾可以是从角质色到黑色。 黄褐色犬只的脚趾甲颜色为棕色或黑色。

GAIT/MOVEMENT:

The Poodle has a light and bouncy gait.

步态/动态：

贵宾犬有轻巧的并有弹性的步态。

SKIN: Supple, not loose, pigmented. Black, brown, grey and fawn Poodles must be pigmented in accordance with the color of their coat. In white Poodles, a silver colored skin is sought after.

柔软，不松弛，有色素沉着。 黑色，棕色，灰色和褐色贵宾犬必须是与其被毛颜色一致的色素沉着。 白色的贵宾犬只，银色的皮肤是所要追求的。

COAT

被毛

Hair:

Curly Coat: Profuse of fine, woolly texture, very frizzy, elastic and resistant to pressure of the hand. It should be thick, well furnished, of equal length and form even curls.

Corded Coat: Profuse of fine, woolly texture and dense, forming characteristic cords which should measure at least 20 cm.

毛质：

卷曲被毛： 充足的纤细的，毛茸茸的质感， 很卷曲， 有弹性并对手有抵抗力。 应当为厚实的，装饰良好的， 相等的长度并形成平均的卷曲。

灯芯绒被毛：充足的纤细的，毛茸茸的质感并且稠密的， 形成典型的灯芯绒测量长度至少应为20厘米。

Colour:

Solid colour: black, white, brown, grey, fawn.

Brown should be deep, rather dark, uniform and warm. Beige and its paler derivatives are not admitted. Grey must be uniform, deep, neither blackish nor whitish. Fawn must be uniform. Can go from pale fawn to red fawn or even be orange fawn (apricot). Eyelids, nose, lips, gums, palate, natural orifices, scrotum and pads are well pigmented. For light fawn subjects, all pigmentation should be as dark as possible.

毛色: 纯色：黑色，白色，棕色，灰色，褐色。

棕色应当是深色，很暗的颜色，统一的并且为暖色。米黄色及其褪色的衍变色是不允许的。 灰色必须为统一的，深色，既不发黑也不发白。 褐色必须是统一的。 可以从褪色的浅褐色到红褐色或者甚至到橙褐色（杏色）。眼睑，鼻子，上下唇， 上下牙龈， 颚，自然孔口， 阴囊以及脚垫色素沉淀好。 对于浅褐色犬只， 所有的色素沉着必须尽量为深色。

SIZE AND WEIGHT

尺寸和重量

The sexual dimorphism must be clearly visible in all varieties.

第二性征必须在所有类型中清晰可见。

Standard Poodles: Over 45 cm up to 60 cm with a tolerance of +2cm. The Standard Poodle must be the enlarged and developed replica of the Medium Poodle of which it retains the same characteristics.

标准贵宾犬： 45厘米到60厘米之间误差为正2厘米。 标准贵宾犬是保留中型贵宾犬相同特征的复制品的放大和发展。

Medium Poodles: Over 35 cm up to 45 cm.

中型贵宾犬：35厘米至45厘米。

Miniature Poodles: Over 28 cm up to 35 cm. The Miniature Poodle must display the appearance of a reduced Medium Poodle, retaining as much as possible the same proportions and without presenting any sign of dwarfism.

迷你贵宾犬：28厘米至35厘米之间。 迷你贵宾犬必须展示出中型贵宾犬的缩小的外观，而尽可能保持同样的比例而不会显示任何侏儒症的信号。

Toy Poodles: Over 24 cm (with a tolerance of -1cm) up to 28 cm (sought after ideal: 25 cm).

The Toy Poodle maintains, in its ensemble, the aspect of a Miniature Poodle and the same general proportions complying with all the points of the standard.

Any sign of dwarfism is excluded; only the external occipital protuberance may be less pronounced.

玩具贵宾犬：24厘米（可以少于1厘米）至28厘米（理想的高度为25厘米）。

玩具贵宾犬总体上保留了迷你贵宾犬的面貌并符合标准的所有的要点，同样的总体的比例。

任何侏儒症的迹象都是不可以的； 只是外部枕骨突出可以稍不明显。

FAULTS:

Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

缺陷：任何与上述各点的背离均视为缺陷，其缺陷严重性严格地与其缺陷的程度及此缺陷对犬只的健康和福利造成的影响成比例。

SEVERE FAULTS

· Eyes: too big and too round, or sunken, not dark enough.

· Ears: too short (not reaching the corner of the lips).

· Snipy or pointed muzzle.

· Convex muzzle.

· Roach or sway back.

· Tail set on too low.

· Croup falling away.

· Rear angulations too straight or over-angulated.

· Flowing or extended gait.

· Sparse, soft or wire hair.

· Undefined or not solid color.

· Partially depigmented nose.

· Absence of 2 PM2.

严重缺陷：

眼睛：太大或太圆，凹陷或不够深色。

耳朵：太短（没有达到嘴角）。

口吻长或尖口吻。

凸出的口吻。

弓背或脊柱前凸。

尾根位置过低。

臀部倾斜。

后部角度太直或角度过大。

流动的或延伸的步态

稀疏的毛发，柔软的毛发或刚毛。

未定义的颜色或非纯色。

鼻子色素沉着不够。

缺少小臼齿2。

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:

· Aggressive or overly shy dogs.

· Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioral abnormalities will be disqualified.

· Lacks type and particularly in head, hinting notably at a mixture with another breed.

· Height exceeding 62cm in Standards and less than 23 cm in Toys.

· Absence of tail or naturally short tail.

· Dewclaws or evidence of dewclaws on rear limbs.

· Any subject displaying signs of dwarfism: globulous skull, absence of occipital

protuberance, very pronounced stop, prominent eyes, muzzle too short and turned up.

· Median furrow practically inexistent.

· Very light bone in Toys.

· Tail completely curled.

· Subjects whose coat is not of solid color.

· All white marks on the body and/or feet for all subjects other than white.

· Nose completely depigmented.

· Underbite or overbite.

· Every tooth position which could injure the dog (for instance: ill-positioned canine

that touches the palate).

· Absence of 1 incisor or 1 canine or 1 carnassial.

· Absence of one PM3 or of one PM4.

· Absence of three or more PM (except PM1).

失格缺陷：

• 有攻击性或过于害羞的犬只。

• 任何清楚地展现出身体的或行为上的不正常的犬只将会被判定为失格。

• 缺少典型特征尤其是头部， 展示出明显的与另一个犬种的混合的特征。

• 标准贵宾犬身高超过62厘米而玩具贵宾犬少于23厘米。

• 没有尾部或尾部天生短。

• 后肢有狼爪或有迹象。

• 任何展现出侏儒迹象的犬只：球形头盖骨，没有枕骨突出， 很明显的额段， 突出的眼睛， 口吻太短或向上。

• 完全没有中间褶皱。

• 玩具贵宾犬的骨骼过轻。

• 尾部完全卷曲。

• 犬只的被毛不是纯色。

• 除了白色贵宾犬对于所有的犬只，身体上的和/或足部所有斑块为白色。

• 鼻子完全不着色。

• 下颌突出或上颌突出。

• 可能伤害该犬只的每颗牙齿的位置（例如， 错误位置的犬牙触碰到上颚）

• 缺少一颗门齿或一颗犬齿或一颗臼齿。

• 缺少一颗第三颗臼齿或一颗第四颗臼齿。

• 缺少三颗或更多臼齿（除了第一颗臼齿）。

N.B.：

• Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.

• Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.

注：

• 公犬具备两个明显正常且完全置于阴囊的睾丸

• 只有身体机能以及临床表现健康的，具备典型犬种结构的犬只，才可用于繁殖。

Addition to standard：

Judging a Poodle in a show does not mean it is judged in a grooming contest. It is not encouraged to stimulate overgrooming one’s dog.

标准外附加：

在犬展中审查贵宾犬并不意味着是在审查美容比赛。 不鼓励过分美容犬只。

认可的美容修剪方式

“Lion Clip”: The Poodle, whether curly or corded, shall be clipped on the hindquarters up to the ribs.

Also clipped: the muzzle, above and underneath from the lower eyelids; the cheeks; the forelegs and hind legs, except for the cuffs or bracelets and optional motifs on the hindquarters; the tail, except for round or oblong terminal pompom. A moustache is required for all subjects. Leaving hair, called “trousers”, on the forelegs is admitted.

“狮子装”：贵宾犬，不管是卷曲被毛或是灯芯绒被毛， 应当从后驱开始推剪至肋骨。

其他需要推剪的地方：口吻， 从下眼睑上下； 面部；前肢后肢，除了为剪出后驱的裤腿之外或脚链图案之外； 尾部， 除圆形或长方形毛绒球。 所有犬只要求有胡须。在前腿上留下毛发，称作“裤子”，是允许的。

“Modern Clip”: Leaving hair on all four legs is only admitted on condition that the following norms are respected:

1. Shall be clipped:

a) The lower part of the forelegs, from the nails to the tip of the dewclaw, the lower part of the hindlegs to the same height. Machine clipping, limited to the toes only, is admitted.

b) The head and the tail in compliance with rules described above.

Shall be exceptionally admitted in this clip:

· The presence, under the lower jaw, of short hair no longer than 1cm the lower line of which should be cut parallel to the lower jaw. A beard, called “goat’s beard”, is not permitted.

· The suppression of the pompom on the tail.

2. Shortened coat:

Over the body, in order to give “shot silk” effect on the line of the back, more or less long but at least 1cm. The length shall be gradually increased over the ribs and above the limbs.

3. Neatened coat:

a) On the head which keeps a topknot of reasonable height as well as down behind the neck to the withers and the front, without discontinuity, to the shaven part of the foot following a slightly slanting line from the top of the forechest downwards. On the top of the ears and for a

maximum of one third of their length, the coat may be cut with scissors or clipped in the direction of the hair. The lower part shall be left covered in hair whose length shall increase gradually, from top to bottom, to end in fringes which may be levelled.

b) On the limbs, “trousers” making a distinct transition from the shaven part of the feet. The length of the hair increases gradully towards the top to display, on the shoulder and likewise the thigh, a length of 4 to 7 cms measured by pulling the hair to straighten it, in proportion to the size of the exhibit while avoiding any “fluffy” effect. The hind “trousers” must allow for the typical angulation of the Poodle to be seen. All other fancy clips which do not comply with these norms are eliminatory. Whatever the standard outline obtained by grooming, it should have no influence whatsoever on the placements in shows, all exhibits in the same class should be judged and placed together.

“现代修剪”： 只有在以下规范遵守的前提下允许在所有四只腿上留下毛发。

1. 需要修剪的地方：

前肢的小腿，从趾甲到狼爪尖， 后腿的小腿的相同的高度。机器修剪限于脚趾，是允许的。

头部和尾部与上述规则一致。

例外允许这种修剪：

展示出，下颌的下方，短毛发不超过1厘米长，形成的线应与下颌平行。 山羊胡不允许。

尾部毛绒球的压缩。

2. 修短的被毛：

整个身体为了在背线呈现出“闪耀丝绸”的效果， 或稍短或稍长但是至少要有1厘米。 长度应当逐渐从肋骨增加在四肢以上。

3. 开结的被毛：

a）头部保持一个合理高度的发冠，颈部后侧到肩部和前部亦如此，保持连续，到推剪的足部形成从前胸向下开始的一个略倾斜的线条。在耳朵的顶端留下最多1/3的长度， 可以沿着被毛的毛发生长方向使用剪子剪或推剪推。 下部应有毛发覆盖，长度应当从顶部向底部逐渐增加， 形成水平的流苏。

b)在四肢上， “裤子”与被剃干净毛发的足部之间有明显的过度。 毛发的长度展现出逐渐增加至顶部， 在肩部以及相同地大腿处， 长度为4-7厘米，测量方式是将毛发拉直， 与所展示的犬只的尺寸成比例， 同时避免“毛绒绒的”效果。 后肢“裤子”必须允许可见的典型的贵宾犬的角度。 所有其他的花式修剪不符合这些规范的是不允许的。 无论何种通过美容获得的标准轮廓， 都不应影响犬展中的排名， 所有同一级别的参赛犬只应当一起接受审查并被排名。

“English Clip”: To the “Lion Clip” add motifs on the hindquarters, i.e. bracelets and cuffs. On the head: a topknot. For this clip the moustache is optional. The absence of demarcation on the hair of the hindquarters is tolerated. The topknot is optional (it is forbidden to use lacquer or any other substance to keep the topknot in place).

“英式修剪”：对于“狮子装”在后驱上增加图案，即“手镯和袖口”。 头部有发冠。对于这种修剪方式胡须是可选的。 后驱毛发的分界不明显是可以容忍的。 发冠是可选的（禁止使用亮漆或任何其他物质使发冠保持在固定位置）。

“Puppy Clip”: Takes over the several shaven parts which characterize the Modern clip. On the head: a topknot of a reasonable height. The coat on the forequarters should form a ball, comparable to an ‘egg’ seen from the fore chest up to the topknot. The so-called ‘trousers’ on the forequarters is preserved, accentuating the typical poodle angulation.

The tail – save for a pompon – should have an oval or oblong shape. It should be clipped longer than wide with rounded angles.

“幼犬式修剪”：借鉴现代式修剪的典型特征的几个剃掉的部分。 在头部：有一个合理高度的发冠。 前肢的被毛应该形成一个球， 与从前胸看到发冠形成的“蛋型”对比。前肢上所谓的“裤子”是保留的， 强调典型的贵宾犬角度。尾部-保留一个绒球-应该为椭圆形或长方形。 应修剪的长且窄有圆滑的角度。

“Scandinavian clip or Terrier clip”:

The clip is similar to that of the Modern clip, the difference being that the ears and tail may be shaven.

“斯堪的纳维亚式修剪或梗犬式修剪”：

修剪方式类似于现代修剪，不同之处是耳朵和尾部要剃干净。

▲ 犬只各部位名称（FCI标准通用）